"sech" meaning in Old Irish

See sech in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Conjunction

IPA: /sʲex/
Etymology: * Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). * This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé. * Or from *sek- (“to cut”). In any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*sekʷos|t=besides, without}} Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro||*sekʷ-o-s|t=following}} Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”), {{cog|la|secus|t=along}} Latin secus (“along”), {{cog|sa|सचा|t=with|tr=sácā}} Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”), {{m+|ine-pro||*se-ḱwo-s|t=separate, by itself}} Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), {{cog|cy|heb|t=without}} Welsh heb (“without”) Head templates: {{head|sga|conjunction}} sech
  1. (subordinating) yet, although Tags: subordinating
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-conj-yTgUs2US
  2. (coordinating) both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses) Tags: coordinating
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-conj-f8QxjwyT Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 0 58 5 14 7 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: sech is

Preposition

IPA: /sʲex/
Etymology: * Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). * This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé. * Or from *sek- (“to cut”). In any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*sekʷos|t=besides, without}} Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro||*sekʷ-o-s|t=following}} Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”), {{cog|la|secus|t=along}} Latin secus (“along”), {{cog|sa|सचा|t=with|tr=sácā}} Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”), {{m+|ine-pro||*se-ḱwo-s|t=separate, by itself}} Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), {{cog|cy|heb|t=without}} Welsh heb (“without”) Head templates: {{head|sga|preposition}} sech Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], sechum [first-person, singular], sechut [second-person, singular], seche [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], sechae [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], sechæ [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], secce [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, singular], sechund [dative, first-person, plural], seccu [accusative, plural, third-person]
  1. past, beyond
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-prep-8GsCrOhF
  2. in preference to, rather than, instead of
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-prep-xyWn6Vva Categories (other): Old Irish prepositions, Old Irish prepositions governing the accusative Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions: 10 20 14 28 13 16 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositions governing the accusative: 6 20 9 45 9 12
  3. different from
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-prep-zKSWjGwi
  4. beyond, above, more than
    Sense id: en-sech-sga-prep-lDdqha47
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "seach"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "shagh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "seach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷos",
        "t": "besides, without"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sekʷ-o-s",
        "t": "following"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "secus",
        "t": "along"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin secus (“along”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सचा",
        "t": "with",
        "tr": "sácā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*se-ḱwo-s",
        "t": "separate, by itself"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "heb",
        "t": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh heb (“without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).\n* This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé.\n* Or from *sek- (“to cut”).\nIn any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seche",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechæ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "secce",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechund",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seccu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "sech",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "info_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "acc",
        "catpos": "prep"
      },
      "expansion": "[with accusative]",
      "extra_data": {
        "tags": [
          "accusative"
        ]
      },
      "name": "+obj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "past, beyond"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-prep-8GsCrOhF",
      "links": [
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ],
        [
          "beyond",
          "beyond"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 20 14 28 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 20 9 45 9 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositions governing the accusative",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in preference to, rather than, instead of"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-prep-xyWn6Vva",
      "links": [
        [
          "preference",
          "preference"
        ],
        [
          "rather than",
          "rather than"
        ],
        [
          "instead of",
          "instead of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "different from"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-prep-zKSWjGwi",
      "links": [
        [
          "different",
          "different"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beyond, above, more than"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-prep-lDdqha47",
      "links": [
        [
          "beyond",
          "beyond"
        ],
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sʲex/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
  ],
  "word": "sech"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sech is"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷos",
        "t": "besides, without"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sekʷ-o-s",
        "t": "following"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "secus",
        "t": "along"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin secus (“along”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सचा",
        "t": "with",
        "tr": "sácā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*se-ḱwo-s",
        "t": "separate, by itself"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "heb",
        "t": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh heb (“without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).\n* This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé.\n* Or from *sek- (“to cut”).\nIn any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "sech",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yet, although"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-conj-yTgUs2US",
      "links": [
        [
          "yet",
          "yet"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(subordinating) yet, although"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "subordinating"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 58 5 14 7 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-sech-sga-conj-f8QxjwyT",
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "neither",
          "neither"
        ],
        [
          "nor",
          "nor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(coordinating) both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "coordinating"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sʲex/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
  ],
  "word": "sech"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish conjunctions",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish prepositions",
    "Old Irish prepositions governing the accusative",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "seach"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "shagh"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "seach"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷos",
        "t": "besides, without"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sekʷ-o-s",
        "t": "following"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "secus",
        "t": "along"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin secus (“along”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सचा",
        "t": "with",
        "tr": "sácā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*se-ḱwo-s",
        "t": "separate, by itself"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "heb",
        "t": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh heb (“without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).\n* This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé.\n* Or from *sek- (“to cut”).\nIn any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seche",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechæ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "secce",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sechund",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seccu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "preposition"
      },
      "expansion": "sech",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "info_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "acc",
        "catpos": "prep"
      },
      "expansion": "[with accusative]",
      "extra_data": {
        "tags": [
          "accusative"
        ]
      },
      "name": "+obj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "past, beyond"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "past",
          "past"
        ],
        [
          "beyond",
          "beyond"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in preference to, rather than, instead of"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "preference",
          "preference"
        ],
        [
          "rather than",
          "rather than"
        ],
        [
          "instead of",
          "instead of"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "different from"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "different",
          "different"
        ],
        [
          "from",
          "from"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beyond, above, more than"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "beyond",
          "beyond"
        ],
        [
          "above",
          "above"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sʲex/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
  ],
  "word": "sech"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish conjunctions",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish prepositions",
    "Old Irish prepositions governing the accusative",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sech is"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷos",
        "t": "besides, without"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sekʷ-o-s",
        "t": "following"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "secus",
        "t": "along"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin secus (“along”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "सचा",
        "t": "with",
        "tr": "sácā"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*se-ḱwo-s",
        "t": "separate, by itself"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "heb",
        "t": "without"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh heb (“without”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "* Traditionally derived from Proto-Celtic *sekʷos (“besides, without”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-o-s (“following”) (compare Latin secus (“along”) and Sanskrit सचा (sácā, “with”)), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”).\n* This is disputed by Klingenschmitt, who proposes Proto-Indo-European *se-ḱwo-s (“separate, by itself”), from *swé.\n* Or from *sek- (“to cut”).\nIn any case cognate with Welsh heb (“without”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "conjunction"
      },
      "expansion": "sech",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "conj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yet, although"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "yet",
          "yet"
        ],
        [
          "although",
          "although"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(subordinating) yet, although"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "subordinating"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses)"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "both",
          "both"
        ],
        [
          "and",
          "and"
        ],
        [
          "neither",
          "neither"
        ],
        [
          "nor",
          "nor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(coordinating) both…and, neither…nor (before negative clauses)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "coordinating"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sʲex/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
  ],
  "word": "sech"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sech meaning in Old Irish (6.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
  "msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, sech/Old Irish",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
  "msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, sech/Old Irish",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "conjunction",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1896",
  "msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 3 couldn't split inflection templates, sech/Old Irish section inflection",
  "path": [
    "sech"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "sech",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.